University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iranian Society Of Mechanical Engineers Challenges in Nano and Micro Scale Science and Technology 2821-000X 1 2 2013 07 01 Mixed Convection of Variable Properties Al2O3-EG-Water Nanofluid in a Two-Dimensional Lid-Driven Enclosure 75 92 1143 10.7508/tpnms.2013.02.001 EN G.A. Sheikhzadeh Department of Thermofluids, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Research Institute, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran H. Khorasanizadeh Department of Thermofluids, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Research Institute, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran S.P. Ghaffari Department of Thermofluids, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Research Institute, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran Journal Article 2013 10 07 In this paper, mixed convection of Al₂O₃-EG-Water nanofluid in a square lid-driven enclosure is investigated numerically. The focus of this study is on the effects of variable thermophysical properties of the nanofluid on the heat transfer characteristics. The top moving and the bottom stationary horizontal walls are insulated, while the vertical walls are kept at different constant temperatures. The study is carried out for Richardson numbers of 0.01–1000, the solid volume fractions of 0–0.05 and the Grashof number of 10⁴. The transport equations are solved numerically with a finite volume approach using the SIMPLER algorithm. The results show that the Nusselt number is mainly affected by the viscosity, density and conductivity variations. For low Richardson numbers, although viscosity increases by increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction, due to high intensity convection of enhanced conductivity nanofluid, the average Nusselt number increases for both constant and variable cases. However, for high Richardson numbers, as the volume fraction of nanoparticles increases heat transfer enhancement occurs for the constant properties cases but deterioration in heat transfer occurs for the variable properties cases. The distinction is due to underestimation of viscosity of the nanofluid by the constant viscosity model in the constant properties cases and states important effects of temperature dependency of thermophysical properties, in particular the viscosity distribution in the domain. https://chal.usb.ac.ir/article_1143_863fc229e30d54b1a2d24674156cfc6e.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iranian Society Of Mechanical Engineers Challenges in Nano and Micro Scale Science and Technology 2821-000X 1 2 2013 07 01 Moving Lids Direction Effects on MHD Mixed Convection in a Two-Sided Lid-Driven Enclosure Using Nanofluid 93 102 1144 10.7508/tpnms.2013.02.002 EN J. Rahmannezhad Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birjand, Iran M. Kalteh Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, Iran Journal Article 2013 10 07 Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow of Cu–water nanofluid inside a two-sided lid-driven square enclosure with adiabatic horizontal walls and differentially heated sidewalls has been investigated numerically. The effects of moving lids direction, variations of Richardson number, Hartmann number, and volume fraction of nanoparticles on flow and temperature fields have been studied. The obtained results show that for a constant Grashof number (), the rate of heat transfer increases with a decrease in the Richardson and Hartmann numbers. Furthermore, an increase of the volume fraction of nanoparticles may result in enhancement or deterioration of the heat transfer performance depending on the value of the Hartmann and Richardson numbers and the configuration of the moving lids. Also, it is found that in the presence of magnetic field, the nanoparticles have their maximum positive effect when the top lid moves rightward and the bottom one moves leftward. https://chal.usb.ac.ir/article_1144_d9a3c755afea0fb4c3284f79b2fa3ad7.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iranian Society Of Mechanical Engineers Challenges in Nano and Micro Scale Science and Technology 2821-000X 1 2 2013 07 01 Influence of Interface Thermal Resistance on Relaxation Dynamics of Metal-Dielectric Nanocomposite Materials under Ultrafast Pulse Laser Excitation 103 109 1145 10.7508/tpnms.2013.02.003 EN M. Rashidi Huyeh Department of Physics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran N. Moosavinejad Department of Physics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Journal Article 2013 10 07 Nanocomposite materials, including noble metal nanoparticles embedded in a dielectric host medium, are interesting because of their optical properties linked to surface plasmon resonance phenomena. For studding of nonlinear optical properties and/or energy transfer process, these materials may be excited by ultrashort pulse laser with a temporal width varying from some femtoseconds to some hundreds of picoseconds. Following of absorption of light energy by metal-dielectric nanocomposite material, metal nanoparticles are heated. Then, the thermal energy is transferred to the host medium through particle-dielectric interface. On the one hand, nonlinear optical properties of such materials depend on their thermal responses to laser pulse, and on the other hand different parameters, such as pulse laser and medium thermodynamic characterizes, govern on the thermal responses of medium to laser pulse. Here, influence of thermal resistance at particle-surrounding medium interface on thermal response of such material under ultrashort pulse laser excitation is investigated. For this, we used three temperature model based on energy exchange between different bodies of medium. The results show that the interface thermal resistance plays a crucial role on nanoparticle cooling dynamics, so that the relaxation characterized time increases by increasing of interface thermal resistance. https://chal.usb.ac.ir/article_1145_9b20d4c6a65e576d51e13f2fce3902d3.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iranian Society Of Mechanical Engineers Challenges in Nano and Micro Scale Science and Technology 2821-000X 1 2 2013 07 01 Effect of Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) Characteristics On Solar Absorptivity 110 116 1146 10.7508/tpnms.2013.02.004 EN H. Moghadam Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran A. Samimi Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran A. Behzadmehr Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Journal Article 2013 10 07 Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) has been used in many different fields of science and technology, due to its great structural characteristics. Solar selective surface is an important application of this type porous material. This paper investigates the effect of nanoporous AAO properties, including; film thickness, pore area percentage and pore diameter, on absorption spectra in the range of solar radiation. The parameters were verified individually depending on anodization condition, and the absorption spectra were characterized using spectrophotometer analysis.  The results showed that the absorptivity was increased with growth of the film thickness. Furthermore, increasing the pore diameter shifted the absorption spectra to the right range, and vice versa. The investigation revealed the presence of an optimum pore area percentage around 14% in which the absorptivity was at its maximum value. https://chal.usb.ac.ir/article_1146_ae66b869153428668774385fd2f382c9.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iranian Society Of Mechanical Engineers Challenges in Nano and Micro Scale Science and Technology 2821-000X 1 2 2013 07 01 Using Lattice Boltzmann Method to Investigate the Effects of Porous Media on Heat Transfer from Solid Block inside a Channel 117 123 1147 10.7508/tpnms.2013.02.005 EN N. Janzadeh Islamic Azad University Science and Research Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran M. Aghajani Delavar Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran Journal Article 2013 10 07 A numerical investigation of forced convection in a channel with hot solid block inside a square porous block mounted on a bottom wall was carried out. The lattice Boltzmann method was applied for numerical simulations. The fluid flow in the porous media was simulated by Brinkman-Forchheimer model. The effects of parameters such as porosity and thermal conductivity ratio over flow pattern and thermal field were investigated. In this paper the effects of mentioned parameters were discussed in detail. The result show with increasing the thermal conductivity ratio and porosity the fluid temperature will reduce.   https://chal.usb.ac.ir/article_1147_2dcf917aa16a8eaa7db6e56923592c72.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iranian Society Of Mechanical Engineers Challenges in Nano and Micro Scale Science and Technology 2821-000X 1 2 2013 07 01 MHD Nanofluid Flow Analysis in a Semi-Porous Channel by a Combined Series Solution Method 124 137 1148 10.7508/tpnms.2013.02.006 EN R. Nouri Babol University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol, Iran D.D. Ganji Babol University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol, Iran M. Hatami Babol University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol, Iran Esfarayen Faculty of Industrial and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Esfarayen, North Khorasan, Iran Journal Article 2013 10 07 In this paper, Least Square Method (LSM) and Differential Transformation Method (DTM) are used to solve the problem of laminar nanofluid flow in a semi-porous channel in the presence of transverse magnetic field. Due to existence some shortcomings in each method, a novel and efficient method named LS-DTM is introduced which omitted those defects and has an excellent agreement with numerical solution. In the present study, the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid are calculated by Maxwell–Garnetts (MG) and Brinkman models, respectively. The influence of the three dimensionless numbers: the nanofluid volume friction, Hartmann number and Reynolds number on non-dimensional velocity profile are considered. The results show that velocity boundary layer thickness decrease with increase of Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume friction and it increases as Hartmann number increases. https://chal.usb.ac.ir/article_1148_c71af3be0540d3c5e2ab1f58aa483af7.pdf

University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iranian Society Of Mechanical Engineers Challenges in Nano and Micro Scale Science and Technology 2821-000X 1 2 2013 07 01 Numerical Study of Natural Convection in a Square Cavity Filled with a Porous Medium Saturated with Nanofluid 138 146 1149 10.7508/tpnms.2013.02.007 EN G. A. Sheikhzadeh Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Iran S. Nazari Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Iran Journal Article 2013 10 07 Steady state natural convection of Al₂O₃-water nanofluid inside a square cavity filled with a porous medium is investigated numerically. The temperatures of the two side walls of the cavity are maintained at T_H and T_C, where T_C has been considered as the reference condition. The top and the bottom horizontal walls have been considered to be insulated i.e., non-conducting and impermeable to mass transfer. Darcy–Forchheimer model is used to simulate the momentum transfer in the porous medium. The transport equations are solved numerically with finite volume approach using SIMPLER algorithm. The numerical procedure is adopted in the present study yields consistent performance over a wide range of parameters (Rayleigh number, Ra, 10⁴≤ Ra≤ 10⁶, Darcy number, Da, 10^-5≤ Da ≤ 10^-3, and solid volume fraction, j, 0.0 ≤ j ≤ 0.1). Numerical results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms and average Nusselt number. It was found that heat transfer increases with increasing of both Rayleigh number and Darcy number. It is further observed that the heat transfer in the cavity is improved with the increasing of solid volume fraction parameter of nanofluids. https://chal.usb.ac.ir/article_1149_b5d9a9de5f50c1589e2e49e70154fc0d.pdf