University of Sistan and Baluchestan,
Iranian Society Of Mechanical EngineersChallenges in Nano and Micro Scale Science and Technology2821-000X14120260301The Effects of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on the Photosynthesis Characteristics and Antioxidant Enzymes of Radish (Raphanus Sativus L.) Plants19984310.22111/cnmst.2026.54505.1287ENMahboubehZamanipourAssistance Professor, Department of Agriculture, Technical and Engineering, Velayat University, Iranshahr, IranMohsenZafaraniehAssistant professor, Department of Agriculture, Technical and Engineering, Velayat University, Iranshahr, IranMohammafFahramandAgricultural Faculty, Zabol University, Zabol. IranJournal Article20260225The increase in metal nanoparticles (NPs) in the vegetable cultivation environment may cause their contamination through foliar absorption. This study investigated the effect of different concentrations of copper (Cu)-NPs (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mgL-1) on the early growth stages of radish plants and evaluated their physiological and chemical characteristics. The study also examined the toxic effects of Cu oxide (CuO)-NPs, as a source of air stress, on plant growth, photosynthesis pigments, and antioxidant systems in radish plants. The reduction in chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content were not significant at the 50 and 100 mgL-1 concentrations of CuO. However, plants treated with 300 mgL-1 and 400 mgL-1 demonstrated a significant decrease in chlorophyll pigments. Based on the results, the Cu content of radish leaves increased with increasing Cu concentration, so that the highest Cu content of leaves was observed at a concentration of 400 mgL-1. Thus, CuO nanostructures had a negative effect on photosynthesis pigments and antioxidant enzymes. The results revealed that the uncontrolled release of nanostructured materials into the atmosphere in an agricultural environment may reduce physiological processes.https://chal.usb.ac.ir/article_9843_35f2d158bdab805717c49b4ce2203179.pdfUniversity of Sistan and Baluchestan,
Iranian Society Of Mechanical EngineersChallenges in Nano and Micro Scale Science and Technology2821-000X14120260301A Simulation Study of Forced, Free, and Mixed Convection of Al2O3-Water Nanofluid Flow Inside a Cavity1020984710.22111/cnmst.2026.55024.1289ENTohidAdibiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, IranJournal Article20260331This study aims to investigate the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of alumina (Al₂O₃) based nanofluids under various convective conditions, with a particular focus on understanding the interplay between thermal performance and hydrodynamic costs. The primary goal is to elucidate the innovative aspect of using nanofluids in different flow regimes, addressing a fundamental question regarding their efficiency.<br />A numerical simulation approach was employed to analyze the behavior of the nanofluid. The simulations were conducted under specific boundary conditions, including a cold, rightward-moving top plate and a hot, leftward-moving bottom plate. The side walls were treated as adiabatic. The nanofluid, containing 5% by volume of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, was modeled considering both forced convection due to the moving plates and natural convection driven by temperature differences. The Richardson number, representing the ratio of natural to forced convection, was systematically varied to cover a wide range of flow regimes.<br />This study numerically investigates the thermofluid performance of Al₂O₃–water nanofluid (5% vol.) in a cavity across forced (Ri=0.1), mixed (Ri=1), and natural (Ri=10) convection regimes. While heat transfer shows modest gains (Nu increases from 13.67 to 13.77 at Ri=0.1, and 14.78 to 16.23 at Ri=1), the friction factor significantly rises (e.g., from 1.31 to 2.39 at Ri=0.1). The Thermally Enhanced Performance (TEP) index consistently remains below unity (approx. 0.82-0.84), indicating that increased viscous resistance outweighs thermal benefits. Consequently, the Al₂O₃–water nanofluid does not enhance overall system energy efficiency under the studied conditions, highlighting the need for holistic performance assessment in engineering applications.https://chal.usb.ac.ir/article_9847_2c85c0dac9ee537117d0d5bf52dfc7c2.pdfUniversity of Sistan and Baluchestan,
Iranian Society Of Mechanical EngineersChallenges in Nano and Micro Scale Science and Technology2821-000X14120260301Environmentally Friendly Production of Silver Nanoparticles Using an Ethanolic Extract of Saffron Petals2125986210.22111/cnmst.2026.55236.1300ENShahlaHashemi ShahrakiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranHosseinYousefniaPhD student of Medical Parasitology, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Saffron Institute ؛University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, IranJournal Article20260430In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized via a green method using an ethanolic extract of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), which is rich in bioactive compounds. The use of ethanol as a solvent enabled the extraction of a wider range of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which acted as both reducing and stabilizing agents during the synthesis process. The formation of nanoparticles was also visually confirmed by a color change of the solution from colorless to yellowish-brown. UV–Vis spectroscopy results showed a characteristic peak around 425 nm, confirming the formation of silver nanoparticles. FT-IR analysis further indicated that functional groups such as –OH, C=O, and C–O played a key role in the reduction of silver ions and stabilization of the nanoparticles. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of silver with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, and the particle size was estimated to be approximately 20 nm using the Scherrer equation. SEM images revealed that the nanoparticles were mostly irregular in shape, showed a tendency to agglomerate, and had a relatively broad size distribution. The synthesized nanoparticles show potential for applications in antimicrobial, pharmaceutical, and antioxidant fields. However, further studies, including biological activity assessment and cytotoxicity evaluation, are necessary for practical applications.https://chal.usb.ac.ir/article_9862_600995c114e8dd7986892bd19fc8fa9c.pdfUniversity of Sistan and Baluchestan,
Iranian Society Of Mechanical EngineersChallenges in Nano and Micro Scale Science and Technology2821-000X14120260301Copper Substitution and Sintering Temperature Effects on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nizn Ferrite Particles2634992410.22111/cnmst.2026.54824.1285ENGhaderAhmadpourFaculty of Materials Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, Iran.Journal Article20260218This study investigates the structural and magnetic properties of Ni₀.₆₋ₓZn₀.₄CuₓFe₂O₄ ferrite particles (x = 0–0.5, in increments of 0.1) synthesized via the sol–gel method. The effects of heat treatment temperature and copper additive content on the structural and magnetic characteristics of the ferrite powders were examined. The powder samples were subjected to prolonged heat treatment (13 hours) at 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C, and the Curie temperature was measured for compositions of x = 0 and x = 0.5, showing a decrease from approximately 580 °C for the Cu free sample to about 470 °C for the Cu substituted sample. X ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses confirmed the formation of the NiCuZn spinel structure, with the lattice parameter increasing from about 8.29 Å (x = 0) to 8.42 Å (x = 0.5). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE SEM) micrographs demonstrated that increasing copper content and heat treatment temperature enhances particle growth. Hysteresis loop measurements revealed ferrimagnetic behavior in all samples; the saturation magnetization increased with Cu substitution and reached a maximum value of about 83 emu/g at x = 0.3, then decreased to approximately 49 emu/g at x = 0.5, while the coercivity varied in the range of about 48–122 Oe. These findings contribute to the understanding of how Cu incorporation influences the microstructure and magnetic properties of NiZn ferrites, which is essential for their potential applications in electronic and magnetic devices.https://chal.usb.ac.ir/article_9924_7a1b45a69ac06f4ca3e9c07ba1e6f8df.pdfUniversity of Sistan and Baluchestan,
Iranian Society Of Mechanical EngineersChallenges in Nano and Micro Scale Science and Technology2821-000X14120260301Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanostructure Mayenite Calcium Aluminate and Forming as a Support of Catalyst3538992210.22111/cnmst.2026.55319.1304ENFatemehHooshyarDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranSeyyed HosseinZohdiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran0000-0001-8286-036XAbdolrezaSamimiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranAli AkbarMirzaeiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranJournal Article20260510Mayenite (Ca12Al14O33, C12A7) is a promising catalyst support due to its unique structural and electronic properties. However, conventional synthesis routes yield a low specific surface area, limiting access to active sites and reducing catalytic efficiency. In this work, we synthesized nanostructured mayenite via a hydrothermal method and subsequently shaped it into porous tablets using polyvinyl alcohol (10 wt%) and graphite (1 wt%) as pore formers, followed by pressing and calcination at 600 °C. The hydrothermally prepared powder initially showed a surface area of only 6.72 m2/g. After the shaping and calcination process, the surface area increased to approximately 22 m2/g, as confirmed by XRD, BET, and FESEM. Unlike conventional approaches, where sintering during forming reduces surface area, our method relies on in-situ porosity generation during the shaping step. This integrated approach provides a practical, scalable route to produce nanostructured, porous mayenite suitable for high-temperature catalytic applications such as Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.https://chal.usb.ac.ir/article_9922_198a39eeccea3e4ef3a008900fe52491.pdfUniversity of Sistan and Baluchestan,
Iranian Society Of Mechanical EngineersChallenges in Nano and Micro Scale Science and Technology2821-000X14120260301Generation and Characterization of Nanobubbles3951992310.22111/cnmst.2026.55044.1291ENSabaMosivandPhysics Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorram-Abad, IranJournal Article20260409Many researchers have focused their research on nanobubbles due to their mysterious properties and potential applications. Nanobubbles are formed from two parts: an inner core (central gas) and an outer layer (stabilizing shells), each with its own physical and chemical properties. The core is a low-density compartment and constitutes the main part of the volume of a nanobubble. The shell, which is mostly composed of surfactants, polymers or proteins, forms a protective layer around the core and prevents gas diffusion. The efficient production of nanobubbles and the determination of their gaseous nature with existing methods are still challenging. So far, various methods such as hydrodynamic/acoustic cavitation, ceramic membrane filtration, depressurization of saturated solution, Solvent exchange, and electrochemical method have been used to produce nanobubbles. Different techniques such as nanoparticle tracking analysis, light scattering methods, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, resonance mass measurement, and spectroscopy techniques are employed to confirm nanobubbles formation. This review focuses on the production methods of nanobubbles as well as their characterization techniques.https://chal.usb.ac.ir/article_9923_6161be721253468ea00062d9645f9321.pdf