University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iranian Society Of Mechanical Engineers Challenges in Nano and Micro Scale Science and Technology 2821-000X 13 2 2025 09 01 Synthesis and characterization of various electrodes for heterogeneous ion exchange membrane 69 74 9764 10.22111/cnmst.2026.54628.1279 EN Ahmad Jamali Keikha Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Marine Engineering, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran. Amin Behzadmehr Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan 98164 161, Iran. Massoud Kaykhaii Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia Tahereh Fanaei Sheikholeslami Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan 98164 161, Iran. Sayyed Hossein Hashemi Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran Journal Article 2026 02 02 Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are generally used as proper media for separation and extractors in diverse electrically driven techniques such as electro dialysis for desalting brackish waters, deconcentrating brine of seawater and production of table salt. They are also efficient tools in extraction efficiency of significant metals of effluents industries and food and pharmacy processing as well as manufacturing basic chemical products. Furthermore, ion exchange membranes play some important part in media protection, treating effluents and many further processes. In the research, various electrodes for heterogeneous ion exchange membrane were synthesized. Also, the effect of various parameter such as multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and H+ and Cl- resin on properties of electrodes was studied. Field emission scanning electron microscope, and cyclic voltammetry used for investigating of the coated electrodes and their properties. Results excessed that electrodes electrochemical properties were improved with utilizing single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) in electrode. In additional, the modified electrode such as functionalized single wall CNT by resin H+ (FSWCNT1+) showed further proper electrochemical characteristics and property in comparison to others. https://chal.usb.ac.ir/article_9764_3279f875c5f7c67fb12187fced9595da.pdf